Khor, 2014 smith, 20 defines municipal solid waste as materials that have no further use that are generated from residences, commercial establishments and different institutions such as shops, hotels, schools etc. Solid waste refers to the range of garbage materialsarising from animal and human activitiesthat are discarded as unwanted and useless. It is used to dispose of solid, liquid and gaseous waste. This is waste from electronic and electrical devices. Waste generation projections for 2025 by region 10 5. National capacity development for solid waste management supported. The illegal burning of solid waste causes air pollution and health problems. Types of wastes different types and sources of wastes. Household or municipal wastes are usually generated from variable sources where different human activities are encountered. Therefore, the construction of sanitary polygons has to be. It is estimated that the amount of solid waste per capita is around 500 kilograms per year. Solid waste management 10cv757 dept of civil engg, sjbit page 1 solved question paper unit 1 1. Nespak study and estimates 1993 districts present solid waste generation tonsday future solid waste generation tonsday total. It is also necessary to estimate the waste generated at different sources of a region for.
The sources of solid waste include residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial activities. Waste is any substance which is discarded after primary use or in other words, there is no further use for the product. An overview of the existing solid waste management program. Dec 03, 2014 waste, as it moves through the waste management system. Always keep in mind to be keen and careful in handling. As long as liumans have been living in settled communities, solid waste, or garbage, has been an issue, and modern societies generate far more solid waste than early humans ever did. Solid waste management types with methods and its effects. Modern solid waste management plants in most developed countries now emphasize the practice of recycling and waste reduction at the source rather than incineration and land disposal. The water, air and physical environment have been affected due to bad management of solid waste. Solid waste can be classified into different types depending on their source.
Waste is any substance which is discarded after primary use or in other words, there is. Waste items include concrete debris, wood, earth, huge package boxes and plastics from the building materials and the like. The contaminants with the solid waste and leachate from solid waste, pollute water bodies. Waste management is devoted to the presentation and discussion of information on solid waste generation, characterization, minimization, collection, separation, treatment and disposal, as well as. Several studies reported that the municipal solid waste that are generated from the developing countries are mainly from households 5580%, followed by market or commercial areas 1030%.
The products of decomposition and heating values are two examples of chemical characteristics. Challenges and opportunities regarding the management of waste are highlighted. The increasing volume and complexity of waste associated with the modern economy is posing a serious risk to ecosystems and human health. Solid waste management may be defined as the discipline associated with the control of. However, management of waste in an adequate way can certainly reduce or save ghgs emissions via different ways including. Khor, 2014 smith, 20 defines municipal solid waste as materials that have no further use that are generated. A view on key responsibilities in the provision of waste management services across the spectrum is presented. The highest rank in the hierarchy of integrated solid waste management is source reduction. Liquid waste from commercial areas is broadly similar to wastewater from residential areas. Manual methods commonly used for the collection of residential wastes include the fol lowing. Throughout the region, the principal sources of solid waste are residential households and the.
Handling also encompasses the movement of loaded containers to the point of collection. Solid waste management market share 20202026 global report. Leveraging financial resources to support solid waste management initiatives supported. Comparison of solid waste management practices by income level 5 2. Jan 26, 2012 now that you are conscious of the different sources and types of waste, your solid waste management plan can finally come alive. In detail, concepts of waste management and major phases. Human society produces some unwanted and discarded materials which are called wastes. Explain the different sources of solid waste dec12jan solid wastes are the wastes arising from human activities and are normally solid as opposed to liquid or gaseous and are discarded as useless or unwanted. In hospitals there are different types of solid wastes produced. Solid waste management pdf notes swm pdf notes smartzworld. Always keep in mind to be keen and careful in handling hazardous waste and to embrace recycling as you continue your journey into becoming a mother earths little warrior. Based on their sources, solid waste can be classified into various types which include msw, hazardous waste, agricultural waste and industrial waste tchobanoglous et al. Classification of solid waste, sources, composition.
In order to manage waste, the environmental protection agency epa and the solid waste act favor an integrated solid waste management. Solid waste characteristics composition and properties. The three main sources are residential, commercial, and industrial areas. As the existing industrial solid waste collection, processing and disposal systems of many countries are grossly inadequate, such incremental growth will pose very. The basics of solid waste management although the terms solid waste, refuse, garbage, and trash are often used interchangeably, solid waste professionals distinguish between them. In the waste management process, the wastes are collected from the. This refers to hospitals and biomedical equipment and chemical manufacturing firms. Solid waste management alternatives, along with a discussion of the issues and uncertainties associated with each alternative. An analysis of the different waste classes is given. Lifecyclebased integrated solid waste management based on lifecycle assessment of a product from its production and consumption point of view. Domestic areas appropriate solid waste management strategies may vary for.
Solid waste management notes pdf swm notes pdf book starts with the topics waste collection, from low and mediumrise apartments, landfill technique, types of landfill, landfills for commingled msw. Planning for municipal solid waste management programs. Throughout the region, the principal sources of solid waste are residential households and the agricultural, commercial, construction, industrial and institutional sectors. If solid wastes are to be used as fuel, or are used for any other purpose, we must know their chemical characteristics, including the following. The recovery of fibers from paper has cellulose as major constituent. Incineration is carried out both on a small scale by individuals and on a large scale by industry. Strategy for environmental, solid waste management, public health and related areas discuss. Solid waste generation in districts of karachi 19912010 source.
Solid waste management swm has become an issue of increasing global concern as urban populations continue to rise and consumption patterns change. Oct 11, 2019 solid waste management is an essential service in any society. However, this figure may vary greatly in different cities and seasons. Now that you are conscious of the different sources and types of waste, your solid waste management plan can finally come alive. In the waste management process, the wastes are collected from the different sources and are disposed of. Several studies reported that the municipal solid waste that are generated. I industrial wastewatertypes, amounts and effects hanchang shi environment. Solidwaste characteristics composition and properties. Solid waste management is a polite term for garbage management. Various methods are practiced to control solid waste pollution as composting, recycling, incineration, pyrolysis, disposal. Wastes are produced from different activities such as household activities, agricultural activities industrial activities, hospitals, educational institutions, mining operations, and so on. To introduce the reader to the solid waste management field, an overview of municipal solid waste problems, sources, collection, resource recovery, and disposal methods are presented in this paper. Bioconversion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste into a number of products including sugar, ethanol, and protein compost, has been reported in the literature by 4, 10. It is recognized as a practical method of disposing of certain hazardous waste materials.
If these quantities are added, the solid waste production rate reaches 45 kg per capita per day 100 lb. Waste management is devoted to the presentation and discussion of information on solid waste generation, characterization, minimization, collection, separation, treatment and disposal, as well as manuscripts that address waste management policy, education, and economic and environmental assessments. In order to manage waste, the environmental protection agency epa and the solid waste act favor an integrated solid waste management strategy that includes 1 reducing the amount of solid waste generated, 2 recycling as much refuse as. Modern solidwaste management plants in most developed countries now emphasize the practice of recycling and waste reduction at the source rather than incineration and land disposal. Think of dvd and music players, tv, telephones, computers, vacuum cleaners and all the other electrical stuff in your home. Liquid waste from domestic sources can be classified as blackwater, which contains excreta, and greywater, which does not. Here you can download the free lecture notes of solid waste management pdf notes swm pdf notes materials with multiple file links to download. The term solid waste management mainly refers to the complete process of collecting, treating and disposing of the solid wastes. Get more details on this report request free sample pdf. Not much attention is paid to management of solid wastes in most parts of the world, particularly in the context of developing. Several studies reported that the municipal solid waste that are. To introduce the reader to the solid waste management field, an overview of. Heavy and light manufacturing, refineries, chemical plants, power plants, mineral extraction and processing.
All these threaten the sustainability of the environment. Read this article to learn about types, sources, effects and methods of solid waste management. The different sources of wastes can be identified by recognizing the types of wastes. Explain the different sources and types of solid wastes jan 10dec11jan sources of solid waste. A breakdown of solid waste types and sources is provided in. Current waste generation per capita by income level 10 6. Disposal of solid waste or waste incineration ash in sanitary polygons can endanger groundwater or surface water sources. Determining actual msw generation rates is difficult. Different studies report a wide variation as they use different components. The study therefore concludes that solid waste management around market environments in awka urban is still in an embryonic phase of development and therefore recommends that more dumpsters should. Various methods are practiced to control solid waste pollution as composting, recycling, incineration, pyrolysis, disposal, landfills etc.
Hence, solid waste management reduces or controls the solid waste pollution and its hazardous effects. This process includes transportation, analysis, legal procedures, along with monitoring and enforcing regulations. These sources general different types of wastes, many of which are hazardous in nature. Before introducing the process, however, lets start with a discussion of the material being managedsolid waste.
Chapter 7 solid waste management european commission. Information and data on the physical characteristics of solid wastes are important for the selection and operation of equipment and for the analysis and design of disposal facilities. Not much attention is paid to management of solid wastes in most parts of the world, particularly in the context of developing countries. Incineration is a controversial method of waste disposal. A basic solid waste management plan typi cally includes. Wastes are produced from different activities such as household activities, agricultural. We generate a huge amount of wastes in our day to day life. Separating different types of waste components is an important step in the handling and storage of solid waste at the source.
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